# ETRUSCAN_TEXTS

description: fragments of bowl (bucchero)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 15 (tav. XXIV)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Ager Tarquiniensis (San Giovenale)
date: 550
text: mi v[e]nelus vefunas
notes:
The form of the letter f is noteworthy. It has the basic shape 8, but angular, and the bottom portion is incomplete.


description: fragment of base of kantharos or kyathos (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 8 (tav. XXIV)
editor: Adriano Maggiani
type: Dedications
location: Vetulonia
date: 625-600
text: [ - - v]enel p[ - - - ]
notes:
The editor suggests that this inscription may be identical to the one	incised on the base of a kyathos recovered from Tomb 1 of the Tumulo di	S. Paolo at Cerveteri. The inscription from Caere reads as follows:		[mi]ni venel paiθina[s mu]luv(a)nice.


description: kylix (ceramic)
citation: SE 56 (1991) REE 1 (tav. LV)
editor: Daniele Vitali
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Aemilia (Monterenzio/Bologna)
date: 300-250
text: petnei
bibliography:
Vitali, Daniele. 1987. Monte Bibele tra Etruschi e Celti: dati archeologici e interpretazione storica. Celti ed Etruschi nell’Italia centro settentrionale dal V secolo a.C. alla romanizzazione. Bologna. pp. 309-380.


description: fragment of (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 1 (tav. XXII)
editor: Stefano Bruni
type: Abecedaria
location: Pisae
date: 550-450
text: [ - - - ]x χ f φ χ [ - - - ]
notes:
The initial part of inscription (a) is the remains of the feminine praenomen ramθa.	Inscription (b) is the final segment of what appears to be an	abecedarium. Both inscriptions were incised in dextroverse direction.


description: slab (stone)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 9 (tav. XXIII)
editor: Mario Cygielman
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Vetulonia
date: 300-200
text: [ - - - ]nes funa heχze [ - - - ]σis [ - - - ]ke
notes:
The editor reads the second word of line one as θuna, with initial theta, but the top portion of the letter f appears in the photograph, and is actually sketched out in the drawing published in SE.


description: wall of tomb (tufa)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 13
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Ager Volcentanus (Poggio Buco)
date: recent
text: aspaσ [vacat] ⅩⅬ θ
notes:
The text appears to be a funerary inscription. The editor suggests the following interpretation: σ(e)θ(re) aspa ⅩⅬ.


description: fragment of sarcophagus (nenfro)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 18 (tav. XXIV)
editor: Daniele Maras
type: Funerary Texts
location: Ager Tarquiniensis (Cencelle)
date: recent
text: [ - - - ]elcial c[lan] [ - - - avils - - -]em ceal[χls]
notes:
The editor suggests that the feminine gentilicium in line 1 can be restored as [v]elcial or as [f]elcial. The latter is well documented as a name at Tarquinia in the 4th and 3rd century B.C.


description: cup (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 25 (tav. XXVI)
editor: Daniele Maras
type: Religious Texts
location: Pyrgi
date: 500-450
text: arφial ·
notes:
The inscription was painted in circular ductus on the bottom of a bowl belonging to the Spurinas type.


description: Attic oinochoe (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 30 (tav. XXVII)
editor: Daniele Maras
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Pyrgi
date: 450
text: zilc
notes:
According to the editor, the letter following gamma could be lambda or iota. Restoration of iota yields a locative case form zilci.


description: fragment of cup (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 33 (tav. XXVII)
editor: Daniele Maras
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Pyrgi
date: 450-400
text: ricin
notes:
It's possible that the inscription is to be restored as vestricina. This gentilicium is found in other inscriptions from this area.


description: pyxis (bucchero)
citation: SE 64 (2001) 201-212 (tav. XXXIII-XXXIV)
editor: Larissa Bonfante - Rex Wallace
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Unknown
date: 625-600
text: mi sunθeruza spurias mlakas
notes: The inscription was incised around the lip of the pyxis.
bibliography:
Larissa Bonfante - Rex Wallace. 2001. An Etruscan pyxis named sunθeruza. SE 64.201-212.	Giuliano Bonfante - Larissa Bonfante. 2002. The Etruscan Language:	An Introduction, pp. 137-38, no. 10, fig. 16. 2nd edition. Manchester:	Manchester University Press.	Rex Wallace. 2008. Zikh Rasna. A Manual of the Etruscan Language and Inscriptions, pp. 159-60. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press.


description: Attic kylix (ceramic)
citation: ZPE 111 (1996) 291-294 (tav. IX)
editor: Rex Wallace
type: Dedications
location: Unknown
date: 500-450
text: [ecn . tur]ce . cavi . cr[ai]culi . hercle.s.
notes:
The first inscription was incised on the bottom of the foot of the kylix	along the outer portion of the rim. This inscription belongs to the	archaic period and thus sometime shortly after production of the kylix.	The second inscription, which is chronologically later and dates to the	recent Etruscan period, was incised inside of and parallel to the first	inscription. This inscription appears to have been added after the kylix was repaired because of damage to the foot of the vessel.

bibliography:
Heurgon, J. 1989. Graffite etrusques au J. Paul Getty Museum. Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum 4.181-186.	Martelli, M. 1991. Dedica Ceretana a Hercle. AC 42.613-621.	Wallace, R. 1996. Etruscan Inscriptions on an Attic Kylix in the J. Paul Getty Museum: Addenda et Corrigenda. ZPE 111.291-294 (tav. IX).


description: Attic olpe (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 57 (tav. XXXII)
editor: Serena Privitera
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Unknown
date: 510-490
text: tul
notes:
The inscription was incised on the bottom of the foot of the vase. A Greek trademark de is also incised there.


description: mirror (bronze)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 58
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Didaskalia
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: alθe melacre φurθ
notes:
Four figures incised on the mirror represent the return of Meleager after the hunt for the boar of Calydon.		Alθe is perhaps an abbreviation for Alθea, the mother of Meleager. φurθ is an abbreviation that refers to the grandson of Meleager.  The editor recommends that it be completed as φurθun.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 60 (tav. XXXII)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: ar . venate . venun[ias]
notes:
The inscription was painted in black letters on the cask of the urn. The	morphology of the urn points to Chiusi as the place of origin.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 61 (tav. XXXII)
editor: Dominique Briquel - Laurent Hugot
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: [θa]nia [ - - - ] lat[inial]
notes:
The inscription, of which only traces remain, was painted along the	upper border of the cask. The reading suggested by the editors is	possible, but speculative.


description: cover of cinerary urn (sandstone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 1 (tav. XXII)
editor: Margherita Scarpellini
type: Funerary Texts
location: Ager Cortonensis (Castiglion Fiorentino)
date: 300-200
text: vêl : têtn[ie : ] vêlχe[s]
notes:
The letter ê with diacritic represents an epsilon that is written retrograde with respect to the direction of writing.


description: tablet (bronze)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 12 (tav. XXV)
editor: Mario Cygielman
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Vetulonia
date: 200
text: [ - - - ]pin[ - - - ] [ - - - ]σval[ - - - ] [ - - ]a · nap[ - - - ] [ - - - ]rins[ - - -]
notes:
The tablet was found a short distance from a tomb, so it's possible that the text is a lex sepulcralis.		Line 1 is separated from lines 2-4 by spacing, a feature that suggests that line 2 was the beginning of a new section.

bibliography:
Angeletti, Maristella Pandolfini. 2002. Le tavole di bronzo in Etruria. In La	Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto storico-archeologico. Atti	dell'Incontro di studio (22 giugno 2001), pp. 53-64. Roma: Consiglio	Nazionale delle Ricerche.


description: wall of tomb (stone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 14 (tav. XXV)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: archaic
text: petui [:] nanisiei
notes:
The form of the punctuation between the first name and the last is	uncertain. This inscription was incised in the same tomb chamber as ETP	48.


description: wall of tomb (stone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 16 (tav. XXV)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: recent
text: vel[ - - - ] LI
notes:
The text was painted in black on the wall of chamber 1 in the Tomba dell'Orco.		The editor suggests that the name in line 1 may be restored as vel[θur] or as vel[χa]. The number LI refers to the age of the deceased.


description: cippus (nenfro)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 20 (tav. XXVI)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: recent
text: velχi θan a
notes:
The final letter of the first name of the deceased, which was partially damaged by a break in the stone, appears in line 2.


description: block (stone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 24 (tav. XXVI)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: 500-400
text: hursu[mnas - - - ]
notes:
The editor restores the missing portion of the family name based on ursumnas, which is attested at Tarquinia, though without word-initial h.		It is possible that this inscription was incised on a stone block that	formed the architrave of a chamber tomb. However, the stone was actually	discovered in an urban context and this does not jibe with a funereal	function for the text.


description: fragment of cippus (stone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 25 (tav. XXVI)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: 500
text: [ - - - ]lus · cles[ - - - ]
notes:
The stone was squared off and placed in the wall of a convent. Possible restorations for the first word are [vene]lus and [θanaχvi]lus, both genitive singular forms. How cles[ - -  - ] is to be restored is unclear.


description: plate (impasto)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 28 (tav. XXVII)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Caere
date: 625-600
text: hetaθaσa
notes:
The inscription was incised in dextroverse direction. The sigma spelling the palatal sibilant /š/ has four bars.


description: tablet (bronze)
citation: 2000. Tabula Cortonensis (tav. 1-35)
editor: Luciano Agostiniani - Francesco Nicosia
type: Legal Texts
location: Cortona
date: 300-200
text:
Side A:	e{.}t · pêtruis σcê [vacat] vês êliunts · v	inac · restmc · cen [vacat] u · tênθur sar · cuσ	uθuras · lariσaliσvla · peσc · σpante · tênθur ·	sa · sran · sarc · clθil · têrσna · θui · σpanθi · ml	esiêθic · rasna ΣIII&gt; [vacat] inni · peσ · pêtrus · pav	ac · traulac · tiur · tênθurc · tênθa · zacinat · pr	iniserac · zal // cs · êsis · vêrê cuσuθursum · p	eσ · pêtrusta · σceva [s] // nuθantur · lart · petr	uni · arnt · pini · lart · vipi · luσce · lariσ · σalini · v	êtnal · lart · vêlara · larθaliσa · lart · vêlara	auleσa · vel · pumpu · pruciu · aule · cêlatina · σê	tmnal · arnza · fêlσni · vêlθinal · vêl · luiσna	lusce · vêl · uσlna · nufreσa · laru · σlanzu · larz	a lartle vêl aves arnt · pêtru · raufe // êpru	s · ame · velχe · cuσu lariσal · cleniarc · lariσ	cuσu · lariσaliσa larizac · clan · lariσal · pêtr	u · σcêvas · arntlei · pêtrus · puia [vacat]	cên · zic · ziχuχe · σparzêstis · sazleis · in	θuχti · cuσuθuras · σuθiu · ame · tal · σuθive	nas · ratm · θuχt . cesu · tltel · têi · σians · σpa	rzête · θui · σalt · zic · fratuce · cuσuθurus · la	riσaliσvla · pêtrusc · σcêvas · peσs · tarχian	es // cnl · nuθe · malec · lart · cucrina · lauσiσa ·	zilaθ · meχl · rasnal · l[a]riσ · cêlatina lau	σa [cl]anc · arnt · luσcni · [a]rnθal · clanc · larz	a · lart · turnma · σalina[l - - - a]	pnal · cleniarc · velχe [ - - - papal]	serc · vêlχe · cuσu · aule[σa - - - ]	aninalc · lariσ · fuln[i - - - ]	rc · lart · pêtce · uσlnal [ · - - - ]	inaθur · têcσinal · vel[ - - - ]	us · lariσc · cuσu · uσlna[l - - - ]			Side B:		aule σalini [vacat] cuσual [vacat]	zilci · larθal · c [vacat] uσus · titlnal	lariσalc · σalinis auleσla · celtinêitiσ	s · tarσminass · σparza · in · θuχt cesu	ratm · σuθiu · σuθiuσvê · velχes · cuσus a	uleσla · velθurus · titlnis · velθuruσla .	larθalc · cêlatinas apnal · lariσalc cê	latinas · titlnal

notes:
We follow the text as published in Maggiani 2001, pp. 95-96. There are 7	sections. These are indicated in four cases (Side A, lines 7, 8, 14,	and 23) by special signs, which we transliterate as //. In two	instances ample spacing between words (Side A, line 17 and Side B, line	1) signals a new section. Missing portions of text are restored	according to suggestions offered by Agostiniani &amp; Nicosia 2000.

bibliography:
Agostiniani, Luciano &amp; Francesco Nicosia. 2000. Tabula Cortonensis. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.	De Simone, C. 1998 [2000]. La Tabula Cortonensis: Tra linguistica e storia. Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di lettere e filosofia 3.1-122.	—. 2001-2002. Il testo etrusco della Tabula Cortonensis: un primo bilancio critico. Ocnus 9-10.69-111.	—. 2002. Su due termini della Tabula Cortonensis. Incontri Linguistici 25.77-85.	Eichner, Heiner. 2001. Etruskisch -svla auf der Bronze von Cortona. In F. Cavoto, ed., The Complete Linguist. A collection of papers in honor of Alexis Manaster Ramer, pp. 141-152. Münich.	Facchetti, Giulio. 2000. Frammenti di diritto privato etrusco. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki.	Maggiani, Adriano. 2001. Dagli archivi dei Cusu. Considerazioni sulla tavola bronzea di Cortona. Rivista di Archeologia 25.94-114.	Pandolfini, Maristella &amp; Adriano Maggiani, eds. 2002. La Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto storico-archaeologico. Atti dell’Incontro di studio, 22 giugno 2001. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.	Rix, Helmut. 2000. Osservazioni preliminari ad una interpretazione dell’aes cortonense. Incontri linguistici 23.11-31.	Wylin, Koen. 2002. Forme verbali nella Tabula Cortonensis. Studi Etruschi 65-68.215-223.	Zamboni, A. 2002. Sigla del quattuorvirato nella tavola di Cortona. Athenaeum 90.431-441.			In the book of papers edited by Pandolfini &amp; Maggiani (2002),	the most important papers dealing with the interpretation of the Tabula	are:			Facchetti, Giulio. 2002. La Tabula Cortonensis come documento	giuridico. In Pandolfini, Maristella &amp; Adriano Maggiani, eds.	2002. La Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto storico-archaeologico. Atti dell’Incontro di studio, 22 giugno 2001, pp. 87-99. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.	Maggiani, Adriano. 2002. Riflessioni sulla Tavola di Cortona. Pandolfini, Maristella &amp; Adriano Maggiani, eds. 2002. La Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto storico-archaeologico. Atti dell’Incontro di studio, 22 giugno 2001, pp. 65-75. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.	Rix, Helmut. 2002. La seconda metà del nuovo testo di Cortona. In Pandolfini, Maristella &amp; Adriano Maggiani, eds. 2002. La Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto storico-archaeologico. Atti dell’Incontro di studio, 22 giugno 2001, pp. 77-86. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.


description: wall of tomb (stone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 41 (tav. XXX)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: 350-300
notes: The funerary inscription is in the form of an elogium.
text:
[ - - - ]n[ . . . . ]a[ . . . ]a[ . ]ce[ . . . . . ]	[ - - - ] tence [:] zi[l]cti [ - - - ]	[ - - - ]rac [:] ravlaθ : acn[anas - - - ]	[ - - - ]

bibliography:
Cavagnaro Vanoni, L. 1996. Tombe tarquiniesi di eta ellenistica. Roma.			For discussion of the inscriptions see Appendix II by M. Pandolfini Angeletti, pp. 371-374.


description: wall of tomb (stone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 42 (tav. XXX)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: 350-300
text:
[ . . . . . . . . : ] a[r]n[θ : ] mulaθ [ : ] arnθal : cla[n]	[ . . . . . . ]c : a[ti]a[l : ] zilc[ti :] θelmizas [ : ] s[p]ural : fasci	[ . . . . . . . . : ] mulauc [ : ] ten[ce : ] avil : θu [ : c]ealc	[ - - - ]

notes:
The text, which details the political career of the deceased (cursus honorum), is painted in black over an earlier inscription that it obliterates.			Bibliography:		Cavagnaro Vanoni, L. 1996. Tombe tarquiniesi di eta ellenistica. Roma.			For discussion of the inscriptions see Appendix II by M. Pandolfini Angeletti, pp. 371-374.


description: wall of tomb (stone)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 43
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: 350-300
text: [ - - - ] xeri : spu[reri - - - ] [ - - - ]cs[ - - - ]
notes:
This text was painted in black. It seems likely that this text presented the cursus honorum of the deceased.


description: mirror (bronze)
citation: SE 63 (1999) REE 53
editor: Adriano Maggiani
type: Didaskalia
location: Unknown S
date: 350-300
text: zipunun prucnalu θalna
bibliography:
Bonfante, Larissa. 1997. Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum, USA 3: New	York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.


description: oenochoe (ceramic)
citation: Etruscan News 3 (2003) 7 &amp; 10
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Unknown S
date: 450-400
text: mi arnθial tetnies σuθiθi velclθi
notes:
Although the find spot of this inscription is unknown, there can be no	doubt that the provenance is Vulci. The final word in the text is the	locative form of the name of the city, velclθi = 'in Vulci'.

bibliography:
Briquel, Dominique. 2003. An inscribed Etruscan Schnabelkanne in the Museum of Montpellier (France).	Etruscan News 3.7 &amp; 10.	Colonna, Giovanni. 2004. SE 70, REE 89, 357.


description: ceramic amphora
citation: AC (1995) 47.261-266
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Ager Caeretanus (Castellina del Marangone)
date: 350-300
text: vel : flere [ : - - - ] [ - - - ] veluske : [ - - - ]
notes:
The text was painted on the shoulder of the amphora, which is fragmentary. The editor notes that the orthography (k before e) and the family name flere	point to Volsinii as the source for the amphora and the inscription.	The editor suggests that the two persons named here were magistrates at	Volsinii and that their names served to date the year the wine was	produced.

bibliography:
Colonna, Giovanni. 1995. Anfora vinaria con iscrizione etrusca dalla Castellina del Marangone. AC 47.261-266.


description: cinerary urn
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 63
editor: Adriano Maggiani
type: Funerary Texts
location: Ager Volaterranus (Colle Valdelsa)
date: 500
text: mi venelus σ{:}hekuntenas
bibliography:
Cianferoni, G. C. 2002. L'Alta Valdelsa in età orientalizzante e arcaica. M. Manganelli - E. Pacchiani (eds.), Città e territorio in Etruria. Per una definizione di città nell'Etruria settentrionale, 83-126. Colle di Valdelsa.


description: applique (ceramic)
citation: SE 69 (2003) REE 79 (tav. XXXIV)
editor: Daniele Maras
type: Artisans' Texts
location: Falerii (Cività Castellana)
date: 300-250
text: evrs · ci
notes:
The inscription was incised on the back side of a ceramic ornament in	the form of a standing woman. The inscription appears to be the name of	the artisan responsible for the piece or perhaps the workshop in which	it was produced. evrs is probably a name borrowed from Greek, viz., Εὕρυς. What the number ci	'three' refers to in this case is not clear to me.


description: olla (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 133 (tav. XLI)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Ager Tarquiniensis (Luni sul Mignone)
date: archaic
text: [ – – – ]ema an σu[ . . ]rnaxe[ – – – ]
notes:
Bibliography:		Quercioli, M. 2001. Luni sul Mignone: Etruschi e Micenei. A cura di Bettina L. Knapp, Antemnae, Rassegna di archeolgia, arte, storia e letteratura 3.138-143 (fig. 1-5).


description: aryballos (ceramic)
citation: SE 56 (1991) REE 42 (tav. LXII)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Dedications
location: Veii
date: 600
text: uθuzteθs vuvze
notes:
Text (a) consists of two utterances: a proprietary text (line 1) followed by a dedication (lines 2-3). The gentilicium, kanzina, is uninflected and should probably be restored as a feminine genitive singular, kanzinaia, in agreement with the first name. The verb muluvace is misspelled. Read muluva(ni)ce.		Text (b) was incised in dextroverse direction. This is probably the 'signature' of the artisan.

bibliography:
Di Gennaro, F. 1986-87. BollCommArch 88,2.516.	Maras, Daniele. 2002. Note sull’arrivo del nome di Ulisse in Etruria. SE 65-68.237-239.


description: bowl (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 REE 15 (tav. XXXI 15)
editor: Adriano Maggiani
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Pisae
date: 500-450
text: ei menepi khape mi · mi : karkus venelus
notes:
The inscription was incised, except for venelus, around the rim of the foot of the bowl. venelus	was incised on the flat portion of the foot, inside the rim. The first	part of the text is an 'anti-theft' inscription. How the final portion	of the text is to be organized syntactically is not completely clear.	The editor suggests a division into three constituents: ei menepi khape.  mi venelus. mi karkus.. Following this analysis, one of the names refers to the owner of the piece, the other refers to the person who gave it.


description: fragments of small olla (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 49 (tav. XXXII)
editor: Vincenzo Bellelli
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Caere
date: 500-400
text: venels [ mi ]
notes:
The bottom rightmost portion of the final letter is visible. The editor suggests sigma, which would have to be retrograde in ductus. Alpha is also possible, and such a reading would change the syntax of the inscription (name of proprietor in the nominative?).


description: fragment of olla (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 71 (tav. XXXIII)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Dedications
location: Veii
date: 700-600
text: mi : raq[u]nθa : tipeia : θina : malaχ [: malaka]si : ita : mena[q]u
notes:
The inscription has two constituents: (a) a proprietary text (mi : raq[u]nθa : tipeia : θina : ), which is followed by (b) a dedication malaχ [: malaka]si : ita : mena[q]u).


description: fragment of Attic cup (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 72 (tav. XXXIII, 72)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Veii
date: 425-400
text: [- - -]fufluna [- - -]
notes:
Of the initial f only the leftmost portions (of curved strokes) are visible. The final letter is difficult to read, but it appears to be an alpha with the medial stroke ascending in the direction of writing.		Bibliography:			Sgubini Moretti, Anna Maria (a cura di). 2001. Veio, Cerveteri, Vulci. Città d’Etruria a confronto. Catalogo della Mostra. Roma: “L’Erma” di Bretschneider. [The inscription is on pp. 18-19 (F.Fu.). It is dated to 480-470.]


description: fragment of phiale (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 73 (tav. XXXIII, 73)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Artisans' Texts
location: Veii
date: 600-500
text: mi zinace velθ[ur a]ncinies.
notes:
This fragment belongs to the same piece of ceramic as that with Rix Ve 3.44 ([m]ini nuluvanice lari.s. leθaie.s.). Both inscriptions were incised by the same hand.		/s/ has the form of the cross, X. A slender portion of the rightmost stroke of theta is visible. The first word may be an error for mini, the acc. form of the 1st pronoun.


description: fragment of chalice or kantharos (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 74 (tav. XXXII, 74)
editor: Daniele F. Maras
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Ager Capenas (Procoio Nuovo)
date: 600-550
text: [ - - - ]xiiene.[ - - - ]
notes:
The point that stands just before the break in the ceramic, if it is not	an abrasion on the surface of the ceramic, may be syllabic punctuation.


description: fragment of small flask (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 78 (tav. XXXIV, 78)
editor: Giuseppina Ghini - Giovanni Colonna
type: Artisans' Texts
location: Latium (Velitrae)
date: 250-200
text: putina : ceizra : acil
notes:
Replicas of this flask and inscription have been found at Bolsena (3),	Roma (1), Caere (2) and Vulci (1). For the inscription from Vulci see	ETP 112.


description: bowl (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 79 (tav. XXXIV, 79)
editor: Vincenzo Bellelli
type: Abecedaria
location: Campania (Nola)
date: 500
text: a c e v φ f
notes:
Gamma is written in retrograde ductus. The reading of the final two letters is not certain. φ is in the form of a trident turned on its head. f is of the Faliscan variety, which is in the form of an arrow.


description: bowl (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 81 (tav. XXXIV, 81)
editor: Vincenzo Bellelli
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Campania (Nola)
date: 550-500
text: uσeli · i
notes:
The palatal /š/ is represented by three-bar sigma. It seems likely that the first part of this text is to be corrected to uσele, which is a common praenomen in the archaic period, but this solution does not address the final portion of the inscription.


description: tegola (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 82 (tav. )
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Campania (Fratte di Salerno)
date: 500-400
text: [ - - - ]θ nerc[ - - - ]
notes:
Theta has no medial strokes or punct. Ny has the form H, but with the medial sloping slightly in the direction of writing.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 103 (tav. XXXVI)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: arnθ [ – – – ]runa : fulu
notes:
The inscription was painted along the upper border of the urn. The urn belongs to a type produced at Chiusi.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 104 (tav. XXXVI)
editor: Dominique Briquel - Bruno Poulle
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: θ : cae [:] umr[an]al
notes:
The inscription was painted along the upper border of the urn. The urn belongs to a type that was produced at Chiusi.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 106 (tav. XXXVI)
editor: Dominique Briquel - Richard Adam
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: l[ – – – ]atin[ – – – ]am [ – – – ]nal
notes:
The inscription was painted in red letters that run along the upper	border of the cask. According to the editors, the text may be restored	as l[θ l]atin[i n]am[uθ]nal. However, the editors do not indicate the length of the interval between the l and the a at the beginning of the text. The urn belongs to a type that was produced at Chiusi.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 107
editor: Dominique Briquel - Bruno Poulle
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: [ - - - ]x[.]x calix[ – – – ] a : velθxx[ – – – ]
notes:
The inscription was painted in black letters running along the upper	border of the cask. According to the editors, the praenomen and	gentilicium could be restored as [lar]θ[i] : calis[nei – – –]a : velθur[ials].


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 108 (tav. XXXVI)
editor: Dominique Briquel - Dominique Frère - Laurent Hugot
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: la[r]θi : θactr[ei - - - ]
notes:
The urn is of Chiusine production. The inscription was painted in red along the upper border of the cask.

bibliography:
Mowat, Robert. 1897. Deux urnes funéraires récemment entrées au Musée de Laval. Bulletin de la commission historique et archéologique de la Mayenne 13.91-101 [91-96, photograph pg. 92].


description: oinochoe (bronze)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 111 (tav. XXXVI)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown (South)
date: 400-300
text: σuθina
notes:
The inscription was incised in dextroverse direction on the belly of	the pitcher. The editor questions the authenticity of this text.


description: funerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 113 (tav. XXXVI)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: 400-200
text: [ . ]θ[ . . . . ]ucx[ . . . ]uxumsnal : l ca[i]a : [pui]a :
notes:
The urn is of Chiusine production. The inscription was painted in red	along the upper border of the cask and then it turns runs down along the	left side. The editor suggests the following restoration of the text as	one possibility:		[l]θ[: la]uca[ne : la]ucumsnal : l	ca[ i ]a : [pui]a :


description: funerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 114 (tav. XXXVI)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: [f]aσti : cainei : c[vacat]aulias : rufe
notes:
The urn is of Chiusine production. The inscription was painted in red	along the upper border of the cask. The editor notes that the praenomen of the deceased could also be restored as [h]aσti.


description: two pieces of large amphora or oinochoe (bronze)
citation: SE 65-68 (2002) REE 115 (tav. XXXVII)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Unknown
date: 450-400
text: tite θve[8-10 letters]
notes:
Inscription (a) was incised around the rim of the bronze. (b) runs	vertically starting just below the first letter of the last word.	Inscription (b) may be restored as tite θve[θlies turce].


description: cippus (stone)
citation: SE 56 (1991) REE 8
editor: Pietro Tamburini
type: Funerary Texts
location: Volsinii (Bolsena)
date: 300-100
text: θania : alσinei
bibliography:
Tamburini, Pietro. 1987. Contributi per la storia del territorio volsiniese I. I cippi funerari e l’onomastica. MEFRA99.640-642.


description: olla (ceramic)
citation: SE 56 (1991) REE 12 (tav. LVIII)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Caere
date: 650-625
text: mi satu qurtunia{nia}s
notes:
The editor believes that the inscription was incised by two hands.	Letters 1-9 are rather large; the rest of the letters are considerably	smaller.


description: cippus (stone)
citation: SE 56 (1991) REE 17
editor: Maristella Pandolofini
type: Funerary Texts
location: Caere
date: 500-480
text: m · clevsinas · a · c
notes:
The cippus is now lost. The inscription is mentioned a manuscript in the	Vatican Library (codex Latino Vaticano 9773) from the year 1833.


description: fragment of bowl (ceramic)
citation: SE 59 (1994) REE 4 (tav. XLII)
editor: Stella Patitucci - Giovanni Uggeri
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Venetia (Spina)
date: 425-400
text: [a]vlex[ – – – ]
notes:
A small portion of the stroke of another letter is visible at the break	in the fabric. It could be the upper rightmost portion of a tsade, in which case we could read [a]vles [ – – – ].


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 59 (1994) REE 50 (tav. LIII)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: 200-100
text: faσti · vetrui s[ . . ]x[ . ]x[ . ]a
notes:
The form of the urn is Chiusine. The inscription was painted in red letters. The editor notes that personal name could also be haσti.


description: kyathos (ceramic)
citation: BdA 82 (1993) 1-10 (tav. 1-19)
editor: Maria Antonietta Rizzo - Mauro Cristofani
type: Dedications
location: Caere
date: 650
text: [mi]ni venel paiθina[s mu]luvnice
notes:
The verb [mu]luvnice should be corrected to [mu]luv(a)nice.		Bibliography:			Rizzo, Maria Antonietta &amp; Mauro Cristofani. 1993. Un kyathos e	altri vasi iscriti dale tombe orientalizzanti di San Paolo a Cerveteri. Bolletino d’Arte del Ministro per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali (BdA)82.1-10.


description: olla (ceramic)
citation: BdA 82 (1993) 1-10 (tav. 20, 24)
editor: Maria Antonietta Rizzo
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Caere
date: 650-625
text: mi larθia tarnas
bibliography:
Rizzo, Maria Antonietta &amp; Mauro Cristofani. 1993. Un kyathos e	altri vasi iscriti dale tombe orientalizzanti di San Paolo a Cerveteri. Bolletino d’Arte del Ministro per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali (BdA) 82.1-10.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 61 (1996) REE 1 (tav. XXXIX)
editor: Helmut Rix
type: Funerary Texts
location: Clusium
date: 100
text: ve : ane : vezra : laurstia l
notes:
The inscription was painted on the upper border of the cask of the urn. The final letter of the inscription, l, was painted in the left margin.


description: fragment of bowl (ceramic)
citation: SE 61 (1996) REE 4 (tav. XL)
editor: Paola Giulinelli
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Ager Faliscus (Corchiano)
date: 300-100
text: arnθial ur[ – – – ]
notes:
The editor suggests that the family name is to be restored as ur[inates], a name that is well attested north of the Ager Faliscus in the Hellenistic period.


description: cinerary urn
citation: SE 61 (1996) REE 12
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown
date: recent
text: θana [p]ercnei salias
notes:
(a) was painted in black along the border of the cask of the urn. (b)	was incised over it. The family name of the deceased in (a) could also	be  re[m]n[i]. The urn is of a type common at Chiusi.


description: helmet (bronze)
citation: SE 61 (1996) REE 22 (tav. )
editor: Marina Martelli
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Unknown
date: 500-470
text: cap
notes:
According to the editor, text (b) records the first part of the name of the owner the helmet. Text (a) may be the numeral 6.


description: fragment of vase (ceramic)
citation: Opuscula Romana 24 (1999) 64, 1 (Fig. 3)
editor: Giovanni Colonna &amp; Yvonne Backe Forsberg
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Ager Tarquiniensis (San Giovenale)
date: 600-550
text: mi urqenas
bibliography:
Colonna, Giovanni &amp; Yvonne Backe Forsberg. 1999. Le iscrizione	del ‘sacello’ del ponte di San Giovenale. Opuscula Romana 24.63-78.


description: fragment of vase (ceramic)
citation: Opuscula Romana 24 (1999) 65, 3 (Fig. 3)
editor: Giovanni Colonna &amp; Yvonne Backe Forsberg
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Ager Tarquiniensis (San Giovenale)
date: 550-500
text: mi larza
bibliography:
Colonna, Giovanni &amp; Yvonne Backe Forsberg. 1999. Le iscrizione del ‘sacello’ del ponte di San Giovenale. Opuscula Romana 24.63-78.


description: fragment of bowl (ceramic)
citation: Opuscula Romana 24 (1999) 65, 6 (Fig. 3)
editor: Giovanni Colonna &amp; Yvonne Backe Forsberg
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Ager Tarquiniensis (San Giovenale)
date: archaic
text: mi xx[ – – – ]
notes:
Of letters three and four only the vertical bars are visible. Colonna proposes to read mi ti[tes – – – ].

bibliography:
Colonna, Giovanni &amp; Yvonne Backe Forsberg. 1999. Le iscrizione del ‘sacello’ del ponte di San Giovenale. Opuscula Romana 24.63-78.


description: fragment of kantharos (ceramic)
citation: Opuscula Romana 24 (1999) 66, 37 (Fig. 5)
editor: Giovanni Colonna &amp; Yvonne Backe Forsberg
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Ager Tarquiniensis (San Giovenale)
date: 500
text: mi l[ . . . . . ]aruniθla
notes:
In the lacuna, there is space for four or five letters. Colonna proposes to restore the text as: mi l[ursl l]aruniθla.


description: slab (sandstone)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 19 (tav. XL)
editor: Silvia Vilucchi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Ager Saenensis (Pienza)
date: 100-0
text: vel · ber comsn a · velosa {i}
notes:
The inscription was written in dextroverse direction in Latin letterforms. vel is twice written as a ligature. The o of velosa is very small. It appears to have been erroneously omitted and later inserted between l and s.


description: cippus (nenfro)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 27 (tav. XLI)
editor: Massimo Morandi
type: Funerary Texts
location: Tarquinia
date: 260-240
text: velfras · laris · ne
notes:
Line 3: ne is an abbreviation for the metronymic. The editor suggests ne(vtnial), ne(mtinal), or ne(vrnial).


description: kylix (ceramic)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 39 (tav. XLIV)
editor: Daniele Maras
type: Religious Texts
location: Pyrgi
date: 500-475
text: larzas maias
notes:
The editor suggests that this inscription could be segmented as larz asmaias. There are no comparanda for a family name of this form.


description: kylix (ceramic)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 40 (tav. XLIV)
editor: Daniele Maras
type: Religious Texts
location: Pyrgi
date: 500-475
text: ause xxe
notes:
Giovanni Colonna, in an addedum to SE (2001) REE 40, proposes to read alsel(i)e or possibly  ausel(i)e, the later recalling the Roman family name Aurelius.


description: fragment of chalice (bucchero)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 97 (tav. L)
editor: Barbara Belelli Marchesini
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Veii
date: 500
text: [ – – – ]i menra ak[ – – – ]
notes:
In an addendum to REE 97 (pp. 425-426), Giovanni Colonna proposes to restore the inscription as [ min]i menra ak[asce].  For details, the reader is referred to pp. 425-426.


description: wall (tufa)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 99 (tav. L)
editor: Massimiliano Munzi
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Ager Veientanus (La Cavetta)
date: 500-400
text: larθ eθrisna
notes:
The inscription was incised on the face of a roadway sliced through	tufaceous rock. The name may be the name of the public official	responsible for the work.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 108 (tav. LII)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Origin Unknown (North)
date: 200-0
text: laris : almni : larθ[al]
notes:
The inscription was painted in red letters along the upper border of the cask. The urn is a type common at Chiusi.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 112 (tav. LII)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Origin Unknown (North)
date: recent
text: vel · cae ·
notes:
The inscription was painted in black letters along the upper border of	the cask. Single punctuation points are visible, but their elevated	position suggests that they were originally double points ( : ).


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 112 (tav. LII)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Origin Unknown (North)
date: recent
text: f [ . ]a[ . ]nei : tut[vacat]nali[iσa]
notes:
The inscription was painted in red letters along the upper border of the	cask. The urn is a type common at Chiusi. The feminine gentilicium	could be restored as f[r]a[u]nei.


description: cinerary urn (ceramic)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 113 (tav. LII)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Origin Unknown (North)
date: recent
text: larθi : vi[p]inei : tutn[a]σa
notes:
The inscription was painted in red letters along the border of the cask. The urn is a type common at Chiusi.


description: cinerary urn (terracotta)
citation: SE 64 (2001) REE 114 (tav. LII)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Funerary Texts
location: Origin Unknown (North)
date: recent
text: θana [ – – – ]
notes:
The inscription was painted in black letters along the border of the cask. The urn is a type common at Chiusi.


description: cippus (stone)
citation: Archaeologia perusina 15 (2001) 129-139 (tav. XIX)
editor: Luciano Agostiniani - Mario Torelli
type: Boundary Markers
location: Cortona
date: 200-150
text: luθcval canθiσa l
bibliography:
Agostiniani, Luciano &amp; Mario Torelli. 2001. Un cippo confinario etrusco da Cortona. Archaeologia perusina 15.129-139.


description: cippus (stone)
citation: SE 57 (1991) REE 35 (tav. XLVI)
editor: Pietro Tamburini
type: Funerary Texts
location: Volsinii
date: 200-100
text: σ : cemnil : v
notes:
Feminine genitive singulars ending in plain -l are rare. The editor proposes two ways to emend: (1) Expunge the final -l,	in which case the onomastic phrase has zero inflection. At Volsinii	onomastic phrases in funerary texts are typically rendered in casus	zero. (2) Emend the genitive form to -(a)l and read as cemni(a)l.


description: thymiaterion (bronze)
citation: SE 57 (1991) REE 53 (tav. LI)
editor: Marina Martelli
type: Funerary Texts
location: Unknown (South)
date: 400-380
text: σuθina
notes:
Inscription (a) was incised vertically along the trunk; (b) was incised	within the incense holder. Both were written in sinistroverse	direction.


description: stele (stone [travertine])
citation: Nuovi etnici e toponimi etruschi (1999) 51-61 (tav. I-II)
editor: Adriano Maggiani
type: Funerary Texts
location: Saturnia
date: 525-500
text: larθ laucies θamequ larecesi ka iseriθesi celeniarasi mini zinece veθur kam arteθi
bibliography:
Maggiani, Adriano. 1999. Nuovi etnici e toponimi etruschi. Incontro di studi in memoria di Masssimo Pallottino, 51-61. Pisa e Roma: Istituto editoriali e poligrafici internazionali.


description: mirror (bronze)
citation: An Etruscan Mirror in Tokyo (2000) 69-77
editor: Nancy DeGrummond
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Unknown (South)
date: 475-450
text: mi malana larθiia cavis spuriies
bibliography:
DeGrummond, Nancy. 2000. An Etruscan Mirror in Tokyo. In M. D. Gentili (ed.), Aspetti	e problemi della produzione degli specchi etruschi figurati. Attio	dell'incontro internazionale di studio (Roma, 2-4 maggio 1997), 69-77.	Roma: Aracne.


description: facade of tomb
citation: SE 70 (2005) REE 10 (tav. XLIX)
editor: Adriano Maggiani
type: Funerary Texts
location: Ager Volcentanus (Suana)
date: 200-150
text: eca σuθ[i - - - ] zatneal
notes:
Half of the letter theta in σuθ[i] survives. It has the shape of a circle. The oblique bar of the lambda of zatneal is no longer visible.


description: greaves (bronze)
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Dedications
location: Perusia
date: 500-450
text: arnθ savpunias turce menrvas
citation:
L’offerta di armi a Minerva e un probabile cimelio della spedizione di Aristodemo nel Lazio (1999) 95-103.

bibliography:
Bonfante, Giuliano and Larissa Bonfante. 2002 [Revised Edition]. The Etruscan Language. An Introduction, pp. 144-145, no. 22. Manchester: Manchester University Press.	Colonna, Giovanni. 1999. L’offerta di armi a Minerva e un probabile cimelio della spedizione di Aristodemo nel Lazio. In Pallade di Velletri. Il mito, la fortuna. 1797–1997 bicentenario del ritrovamento. Atti, 95-103. Roma.


description: disk (bronze)
citation: ENews (2006) 5.5
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Tesserae Hospitales
location: Algeria (Gouraya)
date: 200-100
text: pumpun larθal
notes:
The letters in this text are in dextroverse direction.		Bibliography:		Briquel, Dominique. 2006. A neglected Etruscan inscription. Etruscan News 5.5.


description: chalice (impasto)
citation: SE 66 (1991) REE 73, 350-356 (tav. LXIV)
editor: Dominique Briquel
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Caere
date: 700-675
text: mi laucies mezeṇṭies
notes:
Bibliography:		Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna. 1996. Oggetti iscritti di epoca orientalizzante in Etruria, pg. 108, no. 84. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki.	Briquel, Dominique. 1989. A propos d’une inscription redécouverte au Louvre: remarques sur la tradition relative a Mézence. REL 67.78-92.	Gualtier, F. and Dominique Briquel. 1989. Réexamen d’une inscription	des collections du Musée du Louvre: un Mézence à Caeré au VIIe siècle	av.J-C. CRAI janvier-mars, 99-115.	Gualtier, Françoise, J. Gran-Aymerich, and Dominique Briquel. 1991. SE 66, REE 73, 350-356.


description: small vase (impasto)
citation: Collezione C. A. (1991) pp. 22-25, no. 22 (tav. XII)
editor: Giovannangelo Camporeale
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Unknown (South)
date: 700-650
text: mi luθumas qutumuθa
notes:
Sigma was written with 4 bars.		Bibliography:		Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna. 1996. Oggetti iscritti di epoca orientalizzante in Etruria, no. 310, pp. 313-314. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki.	Camporeale, Giovannangelo. 1991. La Collezione C. A. Impasti e buccheri I. Roma.


description: aryballos (bucchero)
citation: Collezione C. A. (1991) pp. 142-144, no. 145 (tav. CIX)
editor: Giovannangelo Camporeale
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Unknown (South)
date: 700-650
text: mi xuiḥṿlies qutum
notes:
Bibliography:		Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna. 1996. Oggetti iscritti di epoca orientalizzante in Etruria, no. 312, pp. 314. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki.	Camporeale, Giovannangelo. 1991. La Collezione C. A. Impasti e buccheri I. Roma.


description: weight (bronze)
citation: PP (2005)
editor: Giulio Facchetti &amp; Koen Wylin
type: Dedications
location: Caere
date: 350
text:
raθs · turmsal	velus luvχmsal	θusti · θui meθlmθ	mu[n]sθ[e]c [ · ] ims · epl	macuni · hercles	alpan tece IIC	ei · utta θesca	ac · penθa · [ - (-)] · hu	lave · zilci·  laθ	ale · nulaθes ·

notes:
Bibliography:		Cristofani, Mauro. 1996. Due Testi dell’Italia Preromana. 1. Per	regna Maricae. 2. Aequipodium Etruscum. Roma: Consiglio Nazionale delle	Ricerche.	Facchetti, Giulio M. &amp; Koen Wylin. 2005. Note preliminary sull’aequipondium di Cere. AION 23 (in press).	—. 2005. Nuove letture sull’aequipondium di Caere. PP XX.	Maggiani, Adriano. 1996. Appunti sulle magistrature etrusche. SE 62.95-138 [n. 69, pg. 136].	—. 2001a. Pesi e bilance in Etruria. Pondera. Pesi e Misure	nell’Antichità, a cura di C. Corti, N. Giordani, pp. 67-74 (pg. 67, 72,	n. II.3, fig. 35). Museo della Bilancia: Campogalliano.	—. 2001b. II.B.5.2. Peso. In Moretti Sgubini, Anna Maria (a cura	di), Veio, Cerveteri, Vulci. Città d’Etruria a Confronto. Catalogo della	Mostra, pg. 153 (with photo and facsimile). Roma: “L’Erma” di	Bretschneider.	—. 2002. La libbra etrusca. Sistemi ponderali e monetazione. SE 65-68.163-199.


description: fragment of kyathos (bucchero)
citation: To appear SE 71 (2006)
editor: Rex E. Wallace
type: Dedications
location: Ager Saenensis (Murlo)
date: 600
text: mi[ni velθ]ur paiθinaie[s mu]lu[vani]ce
notes:
It is possible that the family name  paiθinaies did not end with	final /s/. Due to damage to the kyathos it is impossible to determine	the amount of space available for letters with any certainty.		Bibliography:			Colonna, Giovanni. 2005. SE 70, REE 52.	Wallace, Rex E. To appear 2006.  Etruscan Inscriptions on Fragments of Bucchero Kyathoi Recovered at Poggio Civitate. SE 71.


description: fragment of kyathos (bucchero)
citation: SE 70 (2006) REE 53
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Dedications
location: Ager Saenensis (Murlo)
date: 600
text: [mini mulu]van[ice – – – ]
notes:
Bibliography:		Wallace, Rex E. To appear 2006. Etruscan Inscriptions on Fragments of Bucchero Kyathoi Recovered at Poggio Civitate. SE 71.


description: aryballos (Etrusco-Corinthian ceramic)
citation: SE 70 (2005) REE 19 (tav. XLIX)
editor: Daniele F. Maras
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Veii
date: 600
text: u.na. uras pep.unas.
notes:
The final /s/ of pep.unas. was spelled by means of the letter X. The inscription was incised in dextroverse direction.


description: fragment of plaque (ivory)
editor: Rex E. Wallace
type: Tesserae Hospitales
location: Ager Saenensis (Murlo)
date: 600
text: [ – – – ]as vheisalna[ – – – ]
notes:
The inscription was incised on the reverse of a plaque in the form of a female figurine. It is possible that the tessera belonged to a woman, in which case one might propose to restore the text in the following way: [mi veleli]as vheisalna[ia].


description: fragment of cup (bucchero)
editor: Rex Wallace
type: Dedications
location: Ager Saenensis (Murlo)
date: 600
text: [ – – – ]m[u]lu[ – – – ]
notes:
If the second visible letter is to be read as lambda, as appears to be the case, then the fragment preserves either the word m[u]lu ‘given’ in its entirety or the first portion of the past tense verb form m[u]lu[vanice]	‘gave (in honor of)’. Under either interpretation the inscription	belongs to the class of a dedications and permits additional	reconstruction:		(a) [mi] m[u]lu + name in pertinentive case	(b) [mini] m[u]lu[vanice] + name in nominative/accusative case


description: fragment of cup (bucchero)
citation: Orientalizing Bucchero (2003) 83 (figure 30, no. 137; plate 25, no. 137)
editor: Jon Berkin
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Ager Saenensis (Murlo)
date: 600
text: [ – – – ]urθ[ – – – ]
notes:
Bibliography:		Berkin, Jon. 2003. The Orientalizing Bucchero from the Lower Building at Poggio Civitate (Murlo). Boston, MA: Archaeological Institute of America.


description: fragment of cup (bucchero)
citation: Orientalizing Bucchero (2003) 83-84 (figure 30, no. 138; plate 25, no. 138)
editor: Jon Berkin
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Ager Saenensis (Murlo)
date: 600
text: [ – – – ]alv[ – – – ]
notes:
Berkin (2003: 84) describes the initial letter as ‘perhaps part of a	beta’. This is virtually impossible because the Etruscan writing system	made no use of this letter and it appears only in abecedaria of the	early to mid-archaic period. It is more likely that we have an alpha	whose medial bar slopes in the direction of writing so dramatically that	it meets the left-most oblique stroke near its foot.		Bibliography:		Berkin, Jon. 2003. The Orientalizing Bucchero from the Lower Building at Poggio Civitate (Murlo). Boston, MA: Archaeological Institute of America.


description: fragment of cup (bucchero)
citation: Orientalizing Bucchero (2003) 84 (figure 30, no. 139; plate 25, no. 139)
editor: Jon Berkin
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Ager Saenensis (Murlo)
date: 600
text: [ – – – ]tinai[ – – – ]
notes:
Berkin (2003: 84) describes the first legible letter as ‘pi or c'. The	puncts described by Berkin appear to be pits in the ceramic, not	word-punctuation. The surviving portion of this inscription is perhaps	the final portion of a feminine family name.			Bibliography:		Berkin, Jon. 2003. The Orientalizing Bucchero from the Lower Building at Poggio Civitate (Murlo). Boston, MA: Archaeological Institute of America.


description: fragment of vase (bucchero)
editor: Greg Warden
type: Other/Unclear Texts
location: Ager Faesulanus (Poggio Colla)
date: 600-575
text: [ – – – ]nutas[ – – – ]
notes:
The inscription may also be read as [ – – – ]mutas[ – – – ]. Of the first letter only the upper portion of an oblique bar is visible.


description: fragment of cup (ceramic)
citation: Riflessioni sul Tavola di Cortona (2002) 67-69 (tav. 3-4)
editor: Adriano Maggiani
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Rusellae
date: 200
text: [ – – – ]xtrus · apanal · θucl ·
bibliography:
Maggiani, Adriano. 2002. Riflessioni sulla Tavola di Cortona. In M. Pandolfini and A. Maggiani (eds.), La Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto storico-archaeologico. Atti dell’Incontro di studio, 22 giugno 2001 (Rome 2002), pp. 65-75. Roma: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.


description: kyathos (bucchero)
citation: RM 113 (2007) 217–240 (fig. 4, 7, 9, 12)
editor: Luca Cappuccini
type: Funerary Texts
location: Vetulonia (Santa Teresa)
date: 650-630
text: mini l[a]uχu[ś]hie paiθin[a]σ muluvan[ice] mlak[aσ]
notes:
The inscription was inscribed in a spiral up around the upper part of the conical base of the kyathos. The /s/ of paiθin[a]σ is represented by the letter san.	The reconstruction of mlak[aσ] as a genitive in agreement with the	gentilicium paiθin[a]σ does not make sense syntactically. Reconstruction	as a pertinentive, mlak[aσi], with an interpretation along the lines of	"to a good (man)" seems much more likely.

bibliography:
Cappuccini, Luca. 2007. I kyathoi di Santa Teresa di Gavorrano e il	ceramista dei Paiθina. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archaeologischen	Instituts. Römische Abteilung 113.217-240. Cappuccini, Luca and Luigi	Donati. 2007. Gavorrano (GR). Santa Teresa. Notizario Toscana 3.679-682.


description: fragments of cup (bucchero)
citation: PC 6
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 600-575
text: acev mi θavna velariiuθiia
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Appendix II, A. Lupia. Tavv. III, 2; IV, 1.
notes:
Found near the via Cavallegeri, a dwelling at the entrance to a stone	circle. The last eight letters of the second inscription were written in	a straight, upright fashion. The theta, specifically, is angular, and	the rho has an asymmetric curve.


description: cup (bucchero)
citation: PC 7
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 550-525
text: mi punpunn[a]s larices
notes: Written circularly on the inside of the vessel.
bibliography:
Colonna (1974), n.13; Agostiniani (1982), p.66, n.78; Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.3; Firenze 1985, p.131, 5.10; Cristofani (1985), n.54.


description: small cup (bucchero)
citation: PC 9
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 530-510
text: mi θanuχvilus muriias
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Appendix II, M. Cuozzo. Tavv. I, 2; II, 4.
notes:
Found at outside of tomb belonging to a man 25-30 years old near stone circle. Bucchero cup with receding hem.


description: two-handled vase (bucchero)
citation: PC 10
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Proprietary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 525-500
text: mi zavena apulas sepunes θ[...] kalesias
notes:
Found at the tomb of a woman about 60 years old. The first inscription	is on the body of the vessel and is written in a continuously expanding	script. The second inscription is written on the bottom in very small	letters and in different hands, suggesting that it may be very old. The	theta is crossed.

bibliography:
Colonna (1974), n.12 (kalesia); Agostiniani (1982), p.65, n.77; Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.2 (kalesias); Firenze 1985


description: fragments of cup (bucchero)
citation: PC 11
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: Unknown
text: amina[---]s
bibliography: Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.14; Cristofani (1985), n.59
notes:
Found at the tomb of a woman about 60 years old. The first inscription	is on the body of the vessel and is writting in a continuously expanding	script. The second inscription is written on the bottom in very small	letters and in different hands, suggesting that it may be very old. The	theta is crossed.


description: small barrel, askos (bucchero)
citation: PC 12
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: Unknown
text: χace
notes: Found above tomb 2720 at Pontecagnano.
bibliography:
Colonna (1974), n.14; Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.4; Cristofani (1985),	n.55 (with the alternate lettering aceχ, totally unfounded).


description: small lid (bucchero)
citation: PC 13
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 600
text: mi θanerial
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Appendix, Tav.II, 2
notes:
Belonged to a woman of 45-55 years of age. The inscription was carved on	the inside in a long curve around the edge. The theta has a vertical	cross, and the second /i/ was added as a pseudoligature to the /r/.


description: fragments of kylix
citation: PC 16
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 600-575
text: [-?-]muriius ux[---]
bibliography: Colonna (1974), n.15; Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.5; Cristofani (1985), n.56, Tav.II, 3
notes:
The kylix lacks a lip. The third /u/ could be another /l/. The	inscription was written circularly around the inside of the vessel.


description: kylix
citation: PC 17
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 500-480
text: θaneśa sestuminas
bibliography: Colonna (1974), n.15; Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.5; Cristofani (1985), n.56, Tav.II, 3
notes:
The kylix lacks a foot and a handle. Its precise origin is unknown,	although P. Laveglia suspects Salerno. The inscription was written on	the inside of the vessel in a spiral near the edge.


description: fragments of small cup
citation: PC 18
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 510-490
text: mec[---]
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Appendix II, G Bailo Modesti, Tav.III, 3
notes:
A single-handled cup with the surviving straps. The inscription was	written dextroverse on the outside of the vessel. /m/ was written	slanted and /e/ was written horizontally.


description: bowl
citation: PC 20
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 510-490
text: ap[---]
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Appendix II, G Bailo Modesti, Tav.V; IV, 1
notes:
Has the same origin as PC 18 (Colonna). The inscription was written	upside down on the outside of the bowl, pressed into the base.


description: kylix
citation: PC 23
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 450
text: satilas raiśiis
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Appendix II, G Bailo Modesti, Tavv.V, 2; VI, 4; VII, 1
notes:
Hemispherical kylix, from tomb 2955 in a necropolis in the Risorgimento	plaza. The inscription was carved on the outside within a ring of stone.	Colonna remarks that it is unlikely raiśiis has the reading raimis.


description: small bowl
citation: PC 24
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 450
text: minanatis
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Appendix II, G Bailo Modesti, Tavv.V, 2; VI, 4; VII, 1
notes:
Hemispherical kylix, from tomb 2955 in a necropolis in the Risorgimento	plaza. The inscription starts on the outside at the base of the vessel	and continues into a ring of stone. Colonna (1994) writes that minanatis is likely a misspelling of mina[na]tis.


description: small bowl
citation: PC 25
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 450
text: apices
bibliography: Colonna (1994), Tav.V, 6; VI, 5; VII, 2
notes:
Sister of the last bowl, found in the same tomb. The inscription is on	the outside and crosses in and out of the ring of stone. The /c/ is moon	shaped and the /i/ was added as a pseudoligature.


description: small bowl
citation: PC 26
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 450
text: ac
bibliography: L Cerchiai in "AION ArchStAnt" III, 1981, p.81, p.40, n.4, fig. 17 and 18, 1
notes:
Small Attic bowl with a concave-convex wall. The inscription was written dextroverse on the outside of the vessel.


description: amphora
citation: PC 27
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 450
text: pu[---]
bibliography: L Cerchiai in AION ArchStAnt III, 1981, p.81, p.40, n.4, fig. 17 and 18, 1
notes:
Wine amphora from Marseilles found in the same tomb as PC 26 (Colonna).	The inscription was written on the neck of the vessel after it was	fired.


description: small bowls
citation: PC 29-30
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 600-580
text: cavriius
bibliography: Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.13 ([---]unns dextroverse); Cristofani (1985), n.60
notes:
Two small bowls with stone bases. The inscriptions were written on the	inside of the vessels in a spiral and in different hands. The bars of	the /w/ are very close together.


description: small bowl
citation: PC 33-34
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Campania (Pontecagnano)
date: 325-300
text: eitma peiclnas
notes:
Two small bowls with stone heels. The inscription was written on the	outside in a circle below the stone. The /t/ and /l/ were laid down	backwards.

bibliography:
Colonna (1984), n.18-19 (leicunas); Modesti, Bailo (1984), n.7; Firenze 1985, p.131, 5.11; Cristofani, 1985, n.58


description: bowl (bucchero)
citation: FS 2
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Fratte di Salerno
date: 325-300
text: peiθrasia naclai caisiie nunies
bibliography: Colonna (1990), Fratte, pp.238, n.3 and pp.303 s., n.2 Tav.V, 4; VIII, 1, 3
notes:
Bowl with a receding lip from the same tomb as FS 1 (Colonna). The	inscription was written on the outside around the base, upside down.


description: oenochoe (bucchero)
citation: FS 3
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Fratte di Salerno
date: 325-300
text: θθθθIII
bibliography: Colonna (1990), Fratte, pp.304, n.6
notes:
The inscription was written dextroverse on the body of the vessel below	the attachment of the handle. It is probably a numeric sum or code.


description: lekythos (bucchero)
citation: FS 4
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Fratte di Salerno
date: 500
text: stl[ac]ie uφaliies mi
notes: The inscription was written around the body of the vessel.
bibliography:
Colonna (1974), n.7; Agostiniani (1982), p.66, n.79 (ufaliies); Firenze 1985, p.131, 5.8; Cristofani (1985), n.49


description: small cup (bucchero)
citation: FS 9
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Fratte di Salerno
date: 500-475
text: ra[---]
bibliography: Colonna, Fratte 1990, pp.262, n.12 and 304, n.8
notes:
The inscription was written on the inside of the vessel. Another possible reading of the graffiti is ar.


description: amphora
citation: VE 2
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Vico Equense
date: 500-400
text: pape savfi
bibliography:
W. Corssen, in Ephemeris epigraphica III (1985), p.182, n.66; J. Zvetaieff, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum, Petropoli (1878), p.72, n.133, tav.XVIII, 1; R. S. Conway, The Italic Dialects I, Cambridge (1897), p.53, n.38; Weege, n.67; Vetter, n.133; C. Albore Livadie, in Il commercio etrusco arcaico, Rome (1985), p.140, XII: 9.


description: small cup
citation: VE 3
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Vico Equense
date: 450-400
text: pai
notes: The inscription was written on the outside of the vessel. The alpha is not crossed.
bibliography:
Jovino, M. Bonghi, La necropoli preromana di Vico Equense, Cava dei Tirreni (1982), p.74, n.60, tav.116, 5


description: small bowl (bucchero)
citation: S 4
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Stabiae
date: 575-550
text: sina
bibliography: REE (1979), n.31 (M. Pandolfini); Cristofani (1990), p.116, n.4
notes:
The bowl has a receding edge. The inscription was written in spiraliform	starting from the center of the vessel, and the letters themselves are	tall and thinly etched.


description: small bowl (bucchero)
citation: S 5
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Stabiae
date: 525-550
text: ita patara vinumaia
bibliography: REE (1979), n.32 (M. Pandolfini: he read it as hai instead of ita); Cristofani (1990), p.116, n.5
notes:
The first two letters run into an /e/, as if the scribe had started to write eta instead. The first /a/ also gives a false start to the /p/.


description: fragments of cup (bucchero)
citation: P 4
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Pompei
date: Unknown
text: [m]i lusces
notes: Found at the temple of Apollo. Inscription was written on the outside of the vessel.
bibliography:
Colonna (1974), n.4; Cristofani (1985), n.47; De Caro (1986), p.63, n.305. Through REE (1983), n.177 (G. Colonna).


description: fragments of cup (bucchero)
citation: P 5
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Pompei
date: Unknown
text: mi
bibliography: S. Steingräber, in RM 89 (1982), p.372 (itun); Cristofani (1990), p.116 (itun[---]). Tav.VIII, 2
notes:
Base of a cup. The /m/ in the inscription is missing the first two	peaks. It could be a χ originating from the center of the cup, or it	could also be a θ.


description: bowl
citation: P 6
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Pompei
date: Unknown
text: aule
bibliography:
Unpublished. There is a trace of such an inscriptino in Cristofani (1990), p.116, where he mentions the same au[le] on a kylix in the same area of Pompei.


description: fragment of bowl
citation: P 7
editor: Giovanni Colonna
type: Funerary Texts
location: Pompei
date: 310-290
text: clacurt
notes:
The fragment is the base of a bowl, and the inscription was written on	the outer side. It could possibly be a division or interpretation of cla[vtie] curt[e]. M. Bonghi Jovino considers the possible connection between the Oscan reading glav urt.

bibliography:
R. Arena, in Ricerche a Pompei. L'insula V della Regio VI dalle origini al 79 d.C. (in the care of M. Bonghi Jovino), Rome, 1984, p.70.


